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u209b3/ U209B3-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 28-may-96 1 (11) phase control circuit tacho applications description the integrated circuit u209b3 is designed as a phase control circuit in bipolar technology with an internal frequency-voltage converter. furthermore, it has an internal open-loop amplifier which means it can be used for motor speed control with tacho feedback. the u209b3 is a 14 pin shrink version of the u211b2 with reduced features. the designer is able to realize sophisticated as well as economic motor control systems. features internal frequency-to-voltage converter externally controlled integrated amplifier automatic soft start with minimized adead timeo voltage and current synchronization retriggering triggering pulse typ. 155 ma internal supply voltage monitoring temperature-compensated reference source current requirement 3 ma package: dip14, so16 control amplifier voltage monitoring supply voltage limitation reference voltage output pulse frequency- to-voltage converter phase control unit soft start 10(10) 11(11) 12(12) 8(8) 7(7) voltage / current detector automatic retriggering 14(16) 1(1) 4(4) = f (v 11 ) 95 10691 v s gnd + v s 5(5) 6(6) 3(3) 2(2) 13(15) 9(9) figure 1. block diagram (pins in brackets refer to so16)
u209b3/ U209B3-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 28-may-96 2 (11) 95 10692 r 3 220 k r 4 470 k r 2 v s 3.3 nf gnd c 1 22 25 v c 10 2.2 16 v r 13 220 m r 1 18 k in4007 d 1 2 w tic 236n r 8 2 m 68 k r 6 c 6 100 nf 2.2 16 v c 7 c 8 220 nf 22 k r 7 c 3 2.2 16 v c 5 1 nf r 5 1 k speed sensor c 4 220 nf l n v m = 230 v ~ control amplifier voltage monitoring supply voltage limitation reference voltage output pulse frequency to voltage converter phase control unit soft start 10 9 11 12 8 7 6 3 2 13 voltage / current detector automatic retriggering 14 1 5 4 = f (v 11 ) + s c 2 actual speed voltage 680 k r 11 100 k c 9 2.2 /16 v r 12 100 k r 10 56 k r 9 47 k set speed voltage f f f f f v figure 2. block diagram with typical circuitry for speed regulation
u209b3/ U209B3-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 28-may-96 3 (11) description mains supply the u209b is designed with voltage limiting and can therefore be supplied directly from the mains. the supply voltage between pin 2 (+ pol/ ) and pin 3 builds up across d 1 and r 1 and is smoothed by c 1 . the value of the series resistance can be approximated using (figure 2): r 1 v m v s 2i s further information regarding the design of the mains supply can be found in the data sheets in the appendix. the reference voltage source on pin 13 of typ. 8.9 v is derived from the supply voltage and represents the refer- ence level of the control unit. operation using an externally stabilised dc voltage is not recommended. if the supply cannot be taken directly from the mains because the power dissipation in r 1 would be too large, then the circuit shown in the following figure 3 should be employed. 123 4 5 c 1 r 1 24 v~ ~ 95 10362 figure 3. supply voltage for high current requirements phase control the function of the phase control is largely identical to that of the well known integrated circuit tea1007. the phase angle of the trigger pulse is derived by comparing the ramp voltage. this is mains synchronized by the volt- age detector with the set value on the control input pin 4. the slope of the ramp is determined by c 2 and its charging current. the charging current can be varied using r 2 on pin 5. the maximum phase angle max can also be ad- justed using r 2 . when the potential on pin 6 reaches the nominal value predetermined at pin 11, a trigger pulse is generated whose width t p is determined by the value of c 2 (the value of c 2 and hence the pulse width can be evaluated by assuming 8 s/nf. the current sensor on pin 1 ensures that no pulse is gener- ated (for operation with inductive loads) in a new half cycle as long as the current from the previous half cycle is still flowing in the opposite direction to the supply voltage at that instant. this makes sure that ogapso in the load current are prevented. the control signal on pin 11 can be in the range 0 v to 7 v (reference point pin 2). if v 11 = 7 v then the phase angle is at maximum = max , i.e., the current flow angle is a minimum. the minimum phase angle min is when v 11 = v pin2 . voltage monitoring as the voltage is built up, uncontrolled output pulses are avoided by internal voltage surveillance. at the same time, all of the latches in the circuit (phase control, soft start) are reset and the soft-start capacitor is short circuited. used with a switching hysteresis of 300 mv, this system guarantees defined start-up behaviour each time the supply voltage is switched on or after short interruptions of the mains supply. soft-start as soon as the supply voltage builds up (t 1 ), the integrated soft-start is initiated. the figure below shows the behaviour of the voltage across the soft-start capacitor and is identical with the voltage on the phase control input on pin 11. this behaviour guarantees a gentle start-up for the motor and automatically ensures the optimum run-up time. c 3 is first charged up to the starting voltage v o with typically 30 a current (t 2 ). by then reducing the charging current to approx. 4 a, the slope of the charging function is substantially reduced so that the rotational speed of the motor only slowly increases. the charging current then increases as the voltage across c 3 increases giving a progressively rising charging function which accelerates the motor with increasing rotational speed. the charging function determines the acceleration up to the set-point. the charging current can have a maximum value of 50 a.
u209b3/ U209B3-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 28-may-96 4 (11) v c3 t v 12 v 0 t 1 t tot t 2 t 3 95 10272 figure 4. softstart t 1 = build-up of supply voltage t 2 = charging of c 3 to starting voltage t 1 + t 2 = dead time t 3 = run-up time t tot = total start-up time to required speed frequency to voltage converter the internal frequency to voltage converter (f/v-converter) generates a dc signal on pin 9 which is proportional to the rotational speed using an ac signal from a tachogenerator or a light beam whose frequency is in turn dependent on the rotational speed. the high impedance input with a switch-on threshold of typ. 100 mv gives very reliable operation even when relatively simple tacho-generators are employed. the tacho-frequency is given by: f = n 60 n = revolutions per minute p = number of pulses per revolution p[hz] the converter is based on the charge pumping principle. with each negative half wave of the input signal, a quantity of charge determined by c 5 is internally amplified and then integrated by c 6 at the converter output on pin 9. the conversion constant is determined by c 5 , its charging voltage of v ch , r 6 (pin 9) and the internally adjusted charge amplification g i . k = g i c 5 r 6 . v ch the analog output voltage is given by v o = k f. whereas: v ch = 6.7 v g i = 8.3 the values of c 5 and c 6 must be such that for the highest possible input frequency, the maximum output voltage v 0 does not exceed 6 v. the r i on pin 8 is approx. 6 k w while c 5 is charging up . to obtain good linearity of the f/v converter the time constant resulting from r i and c 5 should be considerably less (1/5) than the time span of the negative half cycle for the highest possible input frequency. the amount of remaining ripple on the output voltage on pin 9 is dependent on c 5 , c 6 and the internal charge amplification. v o g i v ch c 5 c 6 the ripple d v o can be reduced by using larger values of c 6 , however, the maximum conversion speed will then also be reduced. the value of this capacitor should be chosen to fit the particular control loop where it is going to be used. control amplifier the integrated control amplifier with differential input compares the set value (pin 10) with the instantaneous value on pin 9 and generates a regulating voltage on the output pin 11 (together with external circuitry on pin 12) which always tries to hold the real voltage at the value of the set voltages. the amplifier has a transmittance of typi- cally 110 a/v and a bipolar current source output on pin 11 which operates with typically 100 a. the amplification and frequency response are determined by r 7 , c 7 , c 8 and r 8 (can be left out). for operation as a power divider, c 4 , c 5 , r 6 , c 6 , r 7 , c 7 , c 8 and r 8 can be left out. pin 9 should be connected with pin 11 and pin 7 with pin 2. the phase angle of the triggering pulse can be adjusted using the voltage on pin 10. an internal limiting circuit prevents the voltage on pin 11 from becoming more negative than v 13 + 1 v. pulse output stage the pulse output stage is short circuit protected and can typically deliver currents of 125 ma. for the design of smaller triggering currents, the function i gt = f (r gt ) has been given in the data sheets in the appendix. automatic retriggering the automatic retriggering prevents half cycles without current flow, even if the triacs are turned off earlier e.g., due to not exactly centered collector (brush lifter) or in the event of unsuccessful triggering. if necessary, another triggering pulse is generated after a time lapse of t pp = 4.5 t p and this is repeated until either the triac fires or the half cycle finishes.
u209b3/ U209B3-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 28-may-96 5 (11) general hints and explanation of terms to ensure safe and trouble-free operation, the following points should be taken into consideration when circuits are being constructed or in the design of printed circuit boards. the connecting lines from c 2 to pin 6 and pin 2 should be as short as possible, and the connection to pin 2 should not carry any additional high current such as the load current. when selecting c 2 , a low tempera- ture coefficient is desirable. the common (earth) connections of the set-point generator, the tacho-generator and the final inter- ference suppression capacitor c 4 of the f/v converter should not carry load current. the tacho generator should be mounted without influence by strong stray fields from the motor. 95 10716 v v gt v l i l /2 3/2 2 t p t pp = 4.5 t p mains supply trigger pulse load voltage load current figure 5. explanation of terms in phase relationship design calculations for mains supply the following equations can be used for the evaluation of the series resistor r 1 for worst case conditions: r 1max 0.85 v mmin v smax 2i tot r 1min 0.85 v m v smin 2i smax p (r1max) (v mmax v smin ) 2 2r 1 where: v m = mains voltage 230 v v s = supply voltage on pin 3 i tot = total dc current requirement of the circuit = i s + i p + i x i smax = current requirement of the ic in ma i p = average current requirement of the triggering pulse i x = current requirement of other peripheral components r 1 can be easily evaluated from figures 15 to 17
u209b3/ U209B3-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 28-may-96 6 (11) absolute maximum ratings reference point pin 2, unless otherwise specified parameters symbol value unit current requirement pin 3 t 10 s i s i s 30 100 ma synchronization current pin 1 pin 14 t < 10 s pin 1 t < 10 s pin 14 i synci i syncv i i i v 5 5 35 35 ma f/v converter: input current pin 7 t < 10 s i eff i i 3 13 ma phase control: pin 11 input voltage input current v i i i 0 to 7 500 v softstart: input voltage pin 12 v i |v 13 | to 0 v pulse output: reverse voltage pin 4 v r v s to 5 v amplifier input voltage pin 10 v i |v s | pin 8 open pin 9 v i |v 13 | to 0 v reference voltage source output current pin 13 i o 7.5 ma power dissipation t amb = 45 c t amb = 80 c p tot 570 320 mw storage temperature range t stg 40 to +125 c junction temperature t j 125 ambient temperature range t amb 10 to +100 thermal resistance parameters symbol maximum unit junction ambient dip14 so16: on p.c. board so16: on ceramic substrate r thja 140 180 100 k/w electrical characteristics v s = 13.0 v, t amb = 25 c, reference point pin 2, unless otherwise specified parameters test conditions / pin symbol min typ max unit supply voltage for mains operations pin 3 v s 13.0 v limit v supply voltage limitation i s = 3 ma pin 3 i s = 30 ma v s 14.6 14.7 16.6 16.8 v dc supply current v s = 13.0 v pin 3 i s 1.1 2.5 3.0 ma reference voltage source i l = 10 a pin 13 i l = 5 ma v ref 8.6 8.3 8.9 9.2 9.1 v temperature coefficient pin 13 tc vref 0.5 mv/k
u209b3/ U209B3-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 28-may-96 7 (11) unit max typ min symbol test conditions / pin parameters voltage monitoring pin 3 turn-on threshold v ton 11.2 13 v turn-off threshold v toff 9.9 10.9 v phase control currents current synchronization pin 1 i syncl 0.35 2.0 ma voltage synchronization pin 14 i syncv 0.35 2.0 ma voltage limitation i l = 5 ma pin 1, 14 v l 1.4 1.6 1.8 v reference ramp , figure 6 charge current i 6 = f (r 5 ), r 5 = 1 k ... 820 k pin 6 i 6 1 20 a r j reference voltage = 180 pin 5, 3 v j ref 1.06 1.13 1.18 v temperature coefficient pin 5 tc j ref 0.5 mv/k output pulse output pulse current r v = 0, v gt = 1.2 v pin 4 i o 100 155 190 ma reverse current pin 4 i or 0.01 3.0 a output pulse width pin 5, 2 t p 8 s/nf automatic retriggering repetition rate pin 4 t pp 3 4.5 6 t p amplifier common mode voltage range pin 9, 10 v icr (v 13 1v) (v 2 1v) v input bias current pin 10 i ib 0.01 1 ma input offset voltage pin 9, 10 v io 10 mv output current pin 11 i o +i o 75 88 110 120 145 165 a short circuit forward transmittance i 11 = f (v 9/10 ) pin 11 y f 1000 a/v frequency to voltage converter input bias current pin 7 i ib 0.6 2 a input voltage limitation i i = 1 ma pin 7 +v i v i 660 7.25 750 8.05 mv v turn-on threshold pin 7 v ton 100 150 mv turn-off threshold pin 7 v toff 20 50 mv discharge current figure 2 pin 8 i dis 0.5 ma charge transfer voltage pin 8 v ch 6.50 6.70 6.90 v charge transfer gain i 9 / i 8 pin 8/9 g i 7.5 8.3 9.0 conversion factor c 8 = 1 nf, r 9 = 100 k k 5.5 mv/hz operating range f/v output ref. point pin 13 pin 9 v o 0 6 v linearity 1 % soft start figures 7 to 11 pin 12 f/vconverter non active starting current v 12 = v 13 , v 7 = v 2 i o 20 30 50 a final current v 12 = 0.5 v i o 50 85 130 a f/vconverter active starting current v 12 = v 13 i o 2 4 6 a final current v 12 = 0.5 v i o 30 55 80 a discharge current restart pulse i o 0.5 3 10 ma
u209b3/ U209B3-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 28-may-96 8 (11) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 80 120 160 200 240 phase angle ( ) r ( m ) 1.0 95 10302 10nf 4.7nf phase control reference point pin 2 2.2nf c /t =1.5nf figure 6. 02468 0 20 40 60 80 100 i ( a) 12 v 12 ( v ) 10 95 10944 soft start f/v-converter active reference point pin 13 figure 7. 02468 0 20 40 60 80 100 i ( a) 12 v 12 ( v ) 10 95 10942 soft start f/v-converter non active reference point pin 16 figure 8. 0 2 4 6 8 10 v ( v ) 12 t=f (c3) 95 10941 soft start f/v-converter non active reference point pin 13 figure 9. 0 2 4 6 8 10 v ( v ) 12 t=f (c3) 95 10943 soft start f/v-converter active reference point pin 13 figure 10. 10 8 6 4 2 500 250 0 250 500 i ( a ) 8 v 8 ( v ) 4 95 10308 02 reference point pin 2 f/vconverter figure 11.
u209b3/ U209B3-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 28-may-96 9 (11) 0 2 4 6 8 10 v ( v ) 12 t=f (c3) 95 10945 soft start reference point pin 13 motor in action motor standstill ( dead time ) figure 12. 300 200 100 0 200 100 50 0 50 100 i ( a ) 12 v 1011 ( v ) 300 95 10309 100 control amplifier reference point for i 12 = 4v figure 13. 0 200 400 600 800 0 20 40 60 80 100 i ( ma ) gt r gt ( ) 1000 95 10313 pulse output v gt = 0.8v 1.4v figure 14. 04812 0 10 20 30 40 50 r ( k ) 1 i tot ( ma ) 16 95 10315 mains supply figure 15. 03 6 9 12 0 1 2 3 4 6 p ( w ) (r1) i tot ( ma ) 15 95 10317 mains supply 5 figure 16. 0102030 r 1 ( k ) 40 95 10316 mains supply 0 1 2 3 4 6 p ( w ) (r1) 5 figure 17.
u209b3/ U209B3-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 28-may-96 10 (11) dimensions in mm package: dip14 u209b3 94 9445 package: so16 U209B3-FP 94 8875
u209b3/ U209B3-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 28-may-96 11 (11) ozone depleting substances policy statement it is the policy of temic telefunken microelectronic gmbh to 1. meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements. 2. regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. it is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances ( odss). the montreal protocol ( 1987) and its london amendments ( 1990) intend to severely restrict the use of odss and forbid their use within the next ten years. various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. temic telefunken microelectronic gmbh semiconductor division has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of odss listed in the following documents. 1. annex a, b and list of transitional substances of the montreal protocol and the london amendments respectively 2 . class i and ii ozone depleting substances in the clean air act amendments of 1990 by the environmental protection agency ( epa ) in the usa 3. council decision 88/540/eec and 91/690/eec annex a, b and c ( transitional substances ) respectively. temic can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances. we reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice . parameters can vary in different applications. all operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. should the buyer use temic products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify temic against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. temic telefunken microelectronic gmbh, p.o.b. 3535, d-74025 heilbronn, germany telephone: 49 ( 0 ) 7131 67 2831, fax number: 49 ( 0 ) 7131 67 2423

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